Risk Behaviours of Cardiovascular Diseases Study

Risk Behaviours of cardiovascular Diseases acquireTitle of the StudyTo work forcetion the prevalence of ineffective natural activity and un red-blooded viandsary grade among MSc nursing students could lead to cardiovascular diseases.Significance of the Research difficultyGlobal Burden of Cardio vascular Diseasesthither ar many happen factors associated with coronary heart disease. Some put on the line factors such as age, ethnicity and family history, cannot be changed. Additional lay on the line factors that can be treated or changed which intromit tobacco exposure, hypertension, high cholesterol, corpulency, physiologic inactivity, diabetes, blebby diets, and harmful exercising of alcohol. In terms of attribute global deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is change magnitude blood pressure 13%, tobacco use 9%, raised blood glucose 6%, fleshly inactivity 6 % and overweight and obesity 5% (World Health Organization, 2012).Low- and middle-income countries are dispropo rtionally affected over 80% of CVD deaths result place in low- and middle-income countries and occur almost equally in men and women (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). The number of people, who die from CVDs, mainly from heart disease and stroke, will increase to reach 23.3 million by 2030 (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes and raised lipids.Cardiovascular diseases and Ineffective physical activityInsufficient physical activity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality rate. People who are insufficiently physically active befuddle a 20 to 30 part increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those who engage in at least 30 minutes of conquer intensity physical activity most days of the week. In 2008, 31.3% of adults older 15 or older (28.2% men and 34.4%) were insufficiently physically active.Cardiovasc ular diseases and unhealthy dietetical patternsApproximately 16 million and 1.7 million of deaths ecumenical are attributing to low fruit and vegetable use of goods and services (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Frequent consumption of high-energy foods, such as processed foods that are high in fat and sugar, promotes obesity compared to low-energy foods. Adequate consumption of fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of Cardio Vascular Disease. A healthy diet can contribute to a healthy body weight, a desirable lipid profile and a desirable blood pressure (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011).Risk BehaviorsThe vulnerable populations of MSc Nursing students are at high risk of ontogenesis such risky behaviors that might endanger their own lives. Although, the above behaviors are modifiable but delinquent to shortage of time and increase load of studies, students are seems care little of their diets and physical activity.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to look for the two main risk be haviors of cardio vascular diseases among MSc Nursing students. These areIneffective physical operation. unhealthful diet.Research QuestionsWhat is the prevalence of ineffective physical activity among MSc Nursing students?What is the Prevalence of unhealthy dietary pattern among MSc Nursing students? take aim PopulationThe target population for this study would be the existing students of, get the hang of Science in Nursing of the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Study DesignThis would be a descriptive cross sectional study design.Key Study VariablesThe key variables of the study would be ineffective physical activity and unhealthy diet.Operational Definitions of the Study VariablesIneffective Physical bodily functionIneffective physical activity can be defined as less than cinque clock 30 minutes of moderate*activity per week, or less than roughhewn chord times 20 minutes of vigorous activity** per week, or equivalent(Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011).*Moderate activity l evelYour heart circumvents faster than form you can let out but not sing. Examples include fast walking, aerobic exercise class, doing weights, or swimming gently.**Vigorous activity levelYour heart beat increases a lot you cant talk or your talk is broken up by large breaths.Examples include jogging, running, basketball, or hiking up a steep hill (World Heart alliance Organization, 2014).Unhealthy nutritionHigh dietary intakes of saturated fat*, trans-fats** and salt, and low intake of fruits, vegetables and look for (white meat) are linked to cardiovascular risk (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011).*Saturated fats found in the beginning in animal sources including red meat and whole milk dairy farm products.**Trans fats found in vegetable shortenings, some margarines, crackers, candies, cookies, snack foods, fried foods, parched goods, and other processed foods made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (World Heart Federation Organization, 2014).HypothesisThere is a preval ence of unhealthy diet among MScN students.There is a prevalence of ineffective physical activity among MScN students.Description of the QuestionnaireA questionnaire is formulated to test the hypothesis under the fallible of the look question. The questionnaire comprises of the pursuance three parts.Demographic informationThe front part addresses the basic demographic information. The aim of acquiring the demographic information from the participants is to gather a service line data about the key characteristics of the sample. Moreover demographic variables will be needed to assess the similarities and differences between the participants and characterize them accordingly.A total of 6 items are included in this section. The demographic characteristics included in the questionnaire comprises of adduce which is kept optional. The other components of this part include age, gender, ethnicity, family history link up to (angina, stroke, diabetes, and kidney disorder), use of any med ications, language, and family descents. We make this form with the help of on tap(predicate) literature and exclude other points exchangeable education level, because it is already known from sample.Physical ActivityThe second part consists of 12 items modified and derived from the Healthy heart questionnaire, which develops by Colorado Public Health Research. We modified it according to the developing awkward life style. We adopt the pattern of multiple choice and nominal plateful for clarification of analysis (Colorado Public Health Research, 2010). For fulfilling the purpose we include the questions related to to WHO definitions and for making user friendly, we have given the cin one caseptual definition of the moderate, light and vigorous exercises in easy English words, and these definitions are also derived from American Heart Association guidelines.Dietary PatternThe third part of the questionnaire comprises questions related to dietary pattern. These questions are de rived and modified from American Heart Association and American Nutrition guidelines. The scale includes more than once a day, about once a day, 2-3 times a week, about once a week, 1-3 times a month, and less than once a month, for accuracy of the data of the nutritionary status (Colorado Public Health Research 2010).Assumptions underlying the Statistical tests to be employThe analysis of the data would be done done available valid statistical software manage SPSS 19.0. For the purpose of analyzing the data three statistical tests would be applied in order to measure disparate levels of association between the key variables. The demographic information would be presented through descriptive statistical analysis (Beitz, 2008). This would include measures of key tendency give care (mean, median and mode) to describe the boilers suit demographic characteristics of the study population. Apart from the measures of central tendency, percent analysis (Beitz, 2008) would be utilis e to determine the presence and overall prevalence of ineffective physical activity among study participants. Also percent analysis would be used to determine the unhealthy dietary pattern. In order to determine the association between various demographic variables like age, gender, height and weight of sample size individuals, univariate analysis would be used while determining that the observations would be independent of each other. Population is usually distributed and assuming the homogeneity among the population variances (Bluman, 2011). Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis would be used to examine the strength and nature (positive, negative, inverse, none) of 2 variables of cardio vascular disease. With unhealthy dietary habit, keeping in mind the four assumptions of correlation i.e. the variables should be deliberate in interval and ratio scale, variables should have a linear relationship between the two, there, all significant outliers should be predicted and removed an d the variables should be approximately normally distributed (Beitz, 2008).Effectiveness and Correctness of the ToolPre testing of the toolIn order to test the effectiveness and correctness of the tool, the tool was pilot well-tried among three fellows from the MScN students from our class. The tool was distributed for filling the form. The feedback which was received from fellows is quite helpful .While testing the questionnaire we identified a few components that needed to be modified. Firstly, they identified that in dietary pattern, if we add the instruction that tick the examples mention in bullets so it would be helpful to analyze that which type of ingredient is more common in our population. Secondly they suggest that the BMI should be added in the questionnaire with that feedback we respond that we asked in our questionnaire about weight and height which is equivalent to BMI therefore it was not added in the questionnaire. The feedback was taken as a positive critical re flection and first advice would be incorporated in the final questionnaire for the study purpose.Reflection overall the questionnaire development was a stimulating and challenging task. The process of questionnaire development in itself is quite difficult as it requires researchers to critically analyze the hypothesis and research questions and formulate such questions that fulfill the overall inquiry of the subject memorise while excluding the unnecessary those details which are not suitable for developing country.In conclusion, the tool development task was a vigorous exercise that would help us to develop an effective tool for our thesis in particular. The pilot testing was an effective strategy to be kept in mind while developing the final tool.AcknowledgementWe would like to give thanks Dr. Raisa Gul and Ms. Yasmin Parpio for their valuable support and guidance throughout the process of the questionnaire development. We would also like to acknowledge and thank all the three s tudy participants who co-operated with us and provided us their valuable time and required data to test the questionnaire.