Mafia - Original Writing :: Papers

Mafia - Original Writing Bang, bang, bang Francesco fell to the ground with a thunderous thud. His body on top of Fabios, who was taken out only mo ments earlier. Marco was the only one left this attack has completely gone wrong. He hid behind a crate in the dark live, surrounded by five other men, all his compatriots have been killed or seriously injured. Bang, bang Marco shot blankly around the room his inexperienced had just cost him dearly, those two shots gave a clear indication of his whereabouts. One of the men crept up behind him, and smashed his solar plexus with a baseball bat. Soon all five men were circling around him an elbow struck him in the face, at this point his vision was blurred he couldnt catch out clearly anymore. Shortly after the attack towards his face, he received a huge blow in the kidney area, he slowly went down. He could catch the chatter amongst the five men he could hear their footsteps walking away from him. M arcos once gigantic figure, lay there motionless, in too a good deal pain to move any part of his body. Thoughts started rushing through his head, the events of the past week, has completely changed his life. A week ago, 16th July 1928, Marco Camoranesi was an ordinary man, earning average income, as a taxi driver in the busy street of New York. That night at about 130 in the morning, two middle-aged men entered his taxi. Marco approached them in his usual friendly way, but he soon realized that these men werent your ordinary New-Yorker. Just loose those two cars behind us, you ordain be rewarded. Marco was frightened, he knew that there were Mafia gangs around where he lived, but he was one of those people that thought that he was never going to see or be involved in their activities. B..but Marco stutters, but he had no chance to finish, as one of the men behind him put a gun on his head, Drive Marco had no

Environmental Protection Essay -- American Government, The Reagan Admi

The situation about environmental protection began to change in the early 1980s, as the Reagan administration labeled environmental regulations a burden on the economy and tried to weaken them and reduce their enforcement (Dunlap and McCright, 2008). The anti-environmental orientation of the Republican Party became important only again following the Newt Gingrich led Republican takeover of Congress in 1994, sparking a modest negative reaction from the public (Dunlap,2002), and has been greatly amplified during the George W. furnish administration (Pope and Rauber, 2004). According to Dunlap and McCright (2008) the divide has been most obvious among political elites, such as members of Congress, who tend to be more ideologically concentrated on severalize positions than the general public. The latest research from Gallop (2009) shows a soon very large gap between Republicans and Democrats in terms of believing that facts about spherical warming. Eagan and Mulllin (2009) believ e to a large extent, peoples perceptions are likely to be guided by the contradictory discourse of elites, with the consequence that more aider and politically sophisticated citizens will express more consistent beliefs. Americans beliefs about the existence of global warming are unstable (Eagan and Mullin, 2009). The belief level in 2009 represents an eight point drop from a year earlier, when 61% of respondents surveyed by Gallup agreed that global warming effects had already begun (Saad, 2009). This instability in whimsey reflects the low public salience of the climate change issue and the sharp disagreement among policy elites about the problem and potential solutions. Regardless of the medias culpability, currently the media is not a trusted so... ...vating a moral orientation through which to address climate change and the broader challenges facing America and the world. (Goldstein and Wapner, 2006) The Republican presidential contenders get wind global warming as a hoax or, at best, make light of its importance. The most vocal denier is Rick Perry, the Texas governor and longtime friend of the cover industry, who claim that climate change is an unproven theory created by a substantial number of scientists who have manipulated data so that they will have dollars roller into their projects. Unfortunately, because of the economic downturn, addressing climate change has become less urgent for voters but that doesnt mean that the issue is going away. The nation badly needs a candidate with a logical, disciplined national strategy. We have yet to find a Republican who fits that description. (NY Times, 2011)

Mental Health Community in the 19th Century Essay -- Exploratory Essay

Mental Health Community in the 19th CenturyMental health is a relevant issue in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness. Not only is Kurtz mental health questionable throughout the novel, but Marlow also has to be examined by a physician, to check both his physical and mental status, before he starts on the journey to Africa. The mental health community in the late 19th and first 20th centuries was not nearly as developed as it is today, but many developments during this time period had a profound impact on the manner we analyze the human psyche and mental health today. Mental health patients were considered innately inferior and treated as the weaker portion of the human race collectible to the prevailing dominant theory of Social Darwinism in the 1800s. They were put in mental asylums, where conditions had deteriorated substantially from earlier in the century. (Floyd) The publics interest well-nigh the unsatisfactory care of the mentally ill, championed by Do rothea Dix, led to some reforms, such as higher medical standards, more oversight into asylum practices, and more enquiry into mental health. (Floyd) Nevertheless, the status of the mentally ill did not elevate much higher, and by the 1890s the repeated failure of asylum therapy convinced most that lunacy and mental illness was incorrigible. Finding no alternatives, however, patients continued to be sent to asylums to attempt to cure them as much as to isolate them from the rest of society. (Roberts) Unfortunately, deal also began to fear the proliferation of the mentally ill. When sterilization became considered, unrealistic, more, cheaper asylums were built as a means of segregated them and preventing an increase in their numbers. (Roberts) ... ...h Care. 6 Oct. 2002 http//www.mind.org.uk/information/factsheets/N/notes/notes_on_the_history_of_menta l_health_care.asp Floyd, Barbara. From empiricist philosophy to Bacteriology. University of Toledo. 6 Oct. 2002 Mills, Val . Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) 6 Oct. 2002 Mustard, Ronnie. Listings the history of mental health. 6 Oct. 2002 . Roberts, Andrew. Mental Health History Timeline. 6 Oct. 2000 .Sabbatini, Renato M.E. The History of Psychosurgery June/August 1997. Brain & learning ability Magazine. 14 Jun.1997. State University of Campinus, Brazil. 6 Oct. 2002http//www.epub.org.br/cm/n02/historia/psicocirg_i.htm

needs :: essays research papers

Southerland 1 CPRThere may come a time in your life when a person you know and love pull up stakes have some type of medical emergency during which they will need help to survive. Whether something gets stuck in the airway or the aggregate stops beating, lost minutes can be fatal. The best way to be prepared for something like this is to know how to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).If you have a baby under a year old that seems to be struggling for air and might even havestarted to turn blue, what would you do? If you knew CPR, you could very possibly save a life.First, you will need to assess the situation. Look, listen, and feel for breathing. If the baby is not breathing but is moving its arms and legs, lay the baby incline down in your lap toward your feet. Be sure to support the babys soul, and make sure the head is lower than its body. Perform five spinal column blows between the babys shoulder blades. This should dislodge anything that is stuck in its airway. No w, turn the baby over and preform five chest thrusts, by placing your third and poop fingers a half inch below the nipples in the center of the chest and making compressions a half-inch deep. Next, look into the babys mouth for any international object. If you see anything in the babys mouth, stick your finger into the babys mouth to remove the foreign object. If you dont see an object, indeed repeat the process. If the baby becomes unconscious, then call 911. Try to stay calm because if you lose control, you wont be able to help. Now, if the baby is not breathing or moving, you will need to gently tap him/her on the shoulder and shout. If there is no response, you will need to begin infant CPR. To do this, you will need to place the baby on its back. Tilt the head back slightly to open the airway. Make sure you dont tilt the head too far, or you could hurt the neck. If the baby is still not breathing, cover his/her mouth and nose with Southerland 2your mouth and give two small puffs of breath. distributively breath should be one and a half to two seconds long. You should see the babys chest rise with each breath. Next, position your third and one-quarter fingers in the center of the babys chest half an inch below the nipples, and give five gentle chest compressions at the rate of vitamin C compressions per minute.

Mrs Dalloway :: essays research papers

Upon viewing Mrs. Dalloway I was not impressed. The movie come alonged to jump from the present to the past. The character Septimus didnt appear to read any purpose in the storyline. Clarrisa also seemed to be tightly bound by the Victorian lifestyle of the day to make her interesting to me. The plot incisively seemed too hard to follow. This movie must consider been for people that look for meaning deeper than I.I believe that Mrs. Dalloway was fixed on the past. For one thing, the audience never saw Clarissa Dalloway think about the future she always went back to the past. Every time she stopped to think about something it was of the past, for example the flashback of the night of boating, and Septimus delusional thoughts of creative activity War I. I think her one true love was Peter. I think she married Mr. Dalloway because she was scared to admit that she loved Peter in to a greater extent than a "brotherly way." When she was older and seeing Peter at the party, I think she regretted not marrying Peter. Perhaps the movie would have been more interesting if Clarissa would have been more free spirited like Peter or Sally. Septimus did not have a well defined role in the film. He was eer reliving his days in the war, and appearing to everyone that insanity has become him. His purpose was unclear, the story just jumped from Clarissa to Septimus. Whether he parallels or is an opposite of Clarissa, I dont know. If Septimus was a parallel of Clarissa, then his character was played well, being that he, like Clarissa, constantly thought of the past, and never the future. Making the two most similar, hitherto they seem different in that Clarissa recollects on happier thoughts, while Septimus dwells on depressing thoughts of the first world war.Clarissa was obligated to the Victorian lifestyle, seen in her flashbacks to the past. At Bourton she was too set in her ways to be free spirited. Unlike Sally or Peter, Clarissa was unable to speak her mind, o r do as she pleases. She appeared as the model Victorian woman, yet that held her back from following her love of Peter. The concern that her party would be inferior to other parties prevented her from enjoying herself on a day that she should be rejoicful. Clarissa also seemed to be a dreamer.

Mrs Dalloway :: essays research papers

Upon viewing Mrs. Dalloway I was not impressed. The picture show seemed to jump from the present to the past. The character Septimus didnt appear to have any purpose in the storyline. Clarrisa also seemed to be tightly bound by the Victorian lifestyle of the day to make her interesting to me. The plot just seemed too hard to follow. This movie must have been for people that look for meaning deeper than I.I believe that Mrs. Dalloway was fixed on the past. For one thing, the audience never saw Clarissa Dalloway remember round the future she always went back to the past. Every time she stopped to think about something it was of the past, for example the flashback of the night of boating, and Septimus delusional thoughts of World War I. I think her one true bash was Peter. I think she married Mr. Dalloway because she was scared to admit that she loved Peter in more than a "brotherly way." When she was honest-to-goodness and seeing Peter at the party, I think she regretted not marrying Peter. Perhaps the movie would have been more interesting if Clarissa would have been more take over granular like Peter or Sally. Septimus did not have a well defined role in the film. He was constantly reliving his days in the war, and appearing to everyone that insanity has become him. His purpose was unclear, the story just jumped from Clarissa to Septimus. Whether he parallels or is an opposite of Clarissa, I dont know. If Septimus was a parallel of Clarissa, therefore his character was played well, being that he, like Clarissa, constantly thought of the past, and never the future. Making the two most similar, yet they seem different in that Clarissa recollects on happier thoughts, while Septimus dwells on depressing thoughts of the first world war.Clarissa was obligated to the Victorian lifestyle, seen in her flashbacks to the past. At Bourton she was too set in her ways to be free spirited. Unlike Sally or Peter, Clarissa was unable to speak her mind, or do as she pleases. She appeared as the model Victorian woman, yet that held her back from following her love of Peter. The concern that her party would be inferior to other parties prevented her from enjoying herself on a day that she should be rejoicful. Clarissa also seemed to be a dreamer.

Frida Kahlo’s work A Few Small Nips

The following essay willing deal with Frida Kahlos work A few Small Nips. The analysis of the piece of ar 2rk will be the main focus of the essay including a brief biography of Kahlos which will be used in interpreting the purpose of the paining. Other art critics will be used in this analysis so that a liberal spectrum of opinion is introduced and debated in the paper in order to come to a conclusion about this piece.Kahlos work has been interpreted as bordering and often time delving into the grotesque nevertheless regular(prenominal)ly there is a reason of politics or personal pain behind the works created by Kahlo. In Mencers article The Trouble with Friday Kahlo this point is well elaborated,Among all the Kahlo tchotchkes now on sale at the NMWA gift shop, only her self- depictings adorn the fridge magnets, non My Birth, or A Few Small Nips, a disturbing image of a bleeding wo patch lying on a bed with a mankind standing over her wielding a stiletto. Kahlos visage has blend a symbol in its avouch righta trend evident in the shape of operatives now creating tributes to her.Chicano artists in California let been incorporating her image into their murals since the 1970s in celebrations of their heritage. But the practice has become so common that the Japanese performance artist and drag queen Yasumasa Morimura recently did a show called An Inner Dialogue with Frida Kahlo, in which he painted himself as Kahlo self-portraits.This iconographic status of Kahlo was only much dully emphasized with the grotesque pictures she did after her miscarriage. It was this point in her personal life which gave rise to much of what is recognizable Kahlos own style of art as is seen in A Few Small Nips in which a grim shaft is emphasized with diagonal viewpoints.The truth behind Kahlos painting A Few Small Nips re positionings with the act of a man brutally stabbing his girlfriend and killing her. In court the man professed he only gave her a few small ni ps. Thus, above the painting itself is a banner, and in Kahlos own sentiment she often feels that she is murdered by life. At this point in Kahlos life she was separated from Diego Rivera, and so those emotional feelings of abandonment, jealousy, guilt, and love all coincide to create not just a real life portrait of an compositors case but the echoed feelings of Kahlo while being separated from Rivera (Smit).This real life passage used by means of expression for personal pain is natural of Kahlos work, as Muna writes,In A Few Small Nips (1935), Kahlo paints a murdered char on a bed, naked but for one shoe and stocking, her body slashed and bleeding, while a man, fully dressed, stands calmly at her side. The painting was inspired by a real-life murder story the defendant told the examine that it was only a few small nips but it alike stands as wider commentary on the gender inequalities within Mexican society, as well as echoing the hurt she herself endured at the han ds of her husband, Diego Rivera.The fact that Muna wrote the gender inequality in Kahlos work is important. This crucial piece of evidence is what gives rise to the portrayal of Kahlos self portraits done in a dichotomized fashion, as well as the focus of the treatment of women.Fridas own heritage and gender have a lot to do with her style of painting as has been seen in A Few Small Nips. Kahlos father was a Hungarian Jew born(p) in Germany and her mother was Spanish and Native American. Thus, her nature of birth could also lead her dualistic approach to painting and her strong sense of preservation for women. In A Few Small Nips Kahlo presents the viewer with a woman who has just been stabbed to closing and yet the killer is standing feet away from her, and thus, even in death she is denied company. This type of disturbance in the ritual of a passion crime tells the viewer that Kahlo is interpreting her own loneliness into the painting.Kahlos imagery and her eclectic hold out of ancient Aztec to modern Mexican, religious metaphor and fantasy, and penetratingly observed reality (Muna) is what draws the viewer into this painting. The fact that the painting was based on a real event, and the feelings of the man and what he said in court as his defense, just a few small nips allows Friday creative explanation of that event to rival her own mislay identity and hatred so much so that the viewer becomes a part of the story in that they are witnesses to the event. Bearing witness seems to be the type placed on the audience in order to keep the honesty of this womans death alive. In fact the purpose of much of Kahlos art is for the viewer to bear witness to a travesty, inner demons, or brutal and graphic deaths.This concept of repositing or of bearing witness is knowing in Kahlos work A Few Small Nips as collective memory for a town or witnesses or even participants unitedly but also as individual memory. These different definitions of memory are the purpose of Kahlos painting. While it uses a force to ensure that Kahlos own identity and separation from Rivera is expressed the event of the drunk man killing his girlfriend is still intact. The joint purpose of these two sentiments is to ensure that the memory of the event does not relapse and thus prevent progression or the politics of the painting express Kahlos wish that the town, country and gender which this occurred does not inter such a transgression.Memory however can quickly be wiped clean and thus it becomes important to mark tragedy with artwork as A Few Small Nips has done, so that there is a physical re whirl of an event that is witnessed in the public eye that allows the elusive memory to remain sharp, Inevitably each act of memory carries with it a dimension of betrayal (Huyssen Present Past Palimsets 4). In the act of constructing war memorials and citizen monuments the procession of remembering is occurring. In the act of construction is insurance that the last(prenom inal) is not repeated.Historical memory is important because it allows the people who have survived a devastating travesty to recall the event in loving memory of the family members of people they lost, as Huyssen orders Historical memory today is not what it used to be. It used to mark the relation of a community or a farming to its quondam(prenominal), but the boundary amidst past and present used to be stronger and more stable than it appears to be today (Huyssen Present Past Palimsets 1). This however does not mar the memory of the event that initiated Kahlos work. Although Huyssen writes that historical memory is fading into the past and events are not being recognized or remembered but kinda are falling into demise over time and being forgotten this is what Kahlos work strongly against.The repetition of detriment is precisely why this painting is such an important piece of work in Kahlos collection. She painted it intended that such an event would not transpire again,The focus on trauma is legitimate where nations or groups of people are trying to come to terms with a history of violence suffered or violence perpetrated. But the transnational hold forth of human rights may give us a better handle on such matters than the transfer of psychoanalysis into the world of politics and history. For it is precisely the die hard of public memory discourses to allow individuals to break out of traumatic repetitions. Human rights activism, truth commissions, and juridical proceedings are better methods for dealing with historical trauma. some other is the creation of objects, artworks, memorials, public spaces of commemorationHuyssen Present Past Palimsets 9urban space that is the Tate museum which houses Kahlos work should be utilized in commemoration for a traumatic event so that healing may begin in a national capacity.Both of these days serve as an embodiment of an event. This in itself allows the past to be tangible. In both the memory of the event and in the survivors the day becomes a cultural history it becomes real, fact as is done in A Few Small Nips. The past has a tendency to become mythical, and memory has ways of faltering, but to make memory real these days add the cementing of the past events (Huyssen Present Past Palimsets 15). There can be no collective amnesia involved because the painting allows people on an international scale to become part of the remembrance.The horror in Kahlos painting is not only the brutality of the event, as blood is smattered in every direction of the space, but also in the facial expressions of the two bodies. While the woman is lying on the bed, killed, naked, and in flaccid immobility, the man is fully dressed, with a small smirk on his face. That smirk is the true horror of the piece. The fact that the woman is completely nude while the man is fully dressed is also a point of interest. This signifies that the woman trusted the man to get fully undressed while the man kept his secrets, his disguise as a killer, on. That is the point of the contrast between the two figures the man keeps his secret identity.This secret identity of duality as mentioned prior is a key focal point in Kahlos work but in A Few Small Nips she is attributing this dualism to the mal figure instead of the female (albeit, this is not a self portrait, at least not in the typical Kahlo fashion). The point here is that Kahlo was enduring separation anxiety with Diego and so painted him as the killer giving him aplomb of secrets, and a smirk over the numb(p) womans body. If this painting is taken as a self-portrait then emotionally, Kahlo is telling her audience that she is dead, murdered in fact by this smirking man, her lover, Diego.Although such an interpretation may be considered to be extreme, it still does not become drastic following the line of paintings which Kahlo further immersed herself into later in life. Although the painting is a brutal scene the fact that the banner with the work s murdered by life written on them is carried by a dove says a little more about metaphor in the work. The dove is typically the bird associated with peace and hope, a scene in this painting obviously says there is none in this room, if the interpretation is taken to represent the real event of the day. However, if the painting is on an allegorical level a representation of Kahlos emotional state between her Diegos separation, then the painting with a dove means that a resurrection is not completely unexpected.In this interpretation the notation of the blackbird on the opposite side of the banner from the dove also states another level of allegory. If the dove is representational of Kahlos hope, and indeed it resides on the part of the painting harboring the womans dead body, then the blackbird which holds the banner on the mans side of the painting could be representational of doom, or lack of hope and rebirth. Also, the lighting which Kahlo placed in the painting is brighter aroun d the womans dead body, and the shadows envelope the man which further suggests that if any hope is to be born from this brutal scene then its transgression is from the man and its livelihood rests with the womans flaccid body.Thus, Kahlo accomplishes the dual side of human nature and her own feelings with these two birds hope and travesty. Although the tendency of the painting was to represent the events of a brutal murder by a drunk boyfriend, in other allusions of the painting the viewer may find Kahlos own harboring of love and death with her relationship with Diego as well as the identity of a woman whom she felt a kindred spirit and in painting this work Frida perhaps wanted to make the nation, and finally the world aware of the brutality which was occurring in her home town.Thus, Kahlos painting may be considered a piece of feminist work which allows for the viewer to bear witness to a travesty. The painting also serves as a national identity for the state of Mexico in showi ng the reality of the everyday in such a deplorable scene, but all too real. The purpose however, for Kahlo in creating this work was not only for her own identity but for the identity of the murdered woman and to give her justice in allowing for the world to see how she did and by whom.Work CitedHuyssen, Andreas. Present Pasts Urban Palimpsests and the Politics of Memory. StanfordUniversity Press, 2003.Lindauer, M. Devouring Frida The Art History and Popular Celebrity of Frida Kahlo. Womans Art Journal. Vol. 22, NO. 1. (Spring-Summer, 2001). pp. 53-54.Mancer, S. The Trouble with Frida Kahlo. The Washington Monthly. 2002.Muna, S. Frida at the Tate Modern. Socialism Today. bulge out 93. Jul-Aug 2005.

Work

When analyzing a book, each point you strive must carry forth four points State workforcet you make a point curtilage you include a quote ( nearlything from the text) which supports your statement Analysis explain how the quote you chose proves your statement Is straightforward Link ? explain how totally of this answers the question S Michael morgue uses the technique of narrative voice effectively to portray the horrors and futility of war. He does this by showing us the war from the point of view of the horse, Joey. This shows us what the war was uniform for both the British and the Germans in an unbiased way.E -l was busying myself at tearing the last of this international when I saw, out of the corner of my eye, a man In a grey uniform clamber out of the trenches A small, helmeted figure In a flapping khaki greatcoat climbed up onto no mans land. A This helps us to understand that n bingle of the men were horrible. They are described and recognized by their uniforms and nothing else. There are no exits amid the men apart from their uniforms. L This shows us the horrors and futility of war as these men were made to fight and did not know what they were fighting for.They were not angry at peerless(prenominal) another or prepared for war. Try to use this example and write your aver interpretation of this paragraph. This format Is used for all of your paragraphs, the education you give Is the only when thing that changes s technique of narrative voice show horror and futility of war Joeys number one hand experience First person narrative shows things as they happen Choose one of the following quotes There were wounded everywhere on stretchers, on crutches, in open ambulances, men cried and fell to the ground, and horses reared and screamed in curse of fear ND pain.The ground erupted on either side of me, throwing horses and riders clear into the air. The shells whined and roared overhead, and every fusillade seemed the likes of an eart hquake to us. It was as I staggered out of one such crater that I lumbered into an invisible coil of barbed wire that first snagged and therefore trapped my foreleg. As I kicked out wildly to publish myself, I felt the barbs tearing into my foreleg l saw the grey soldiers ahead of us attire their rifles and heard the death rattle of a machine catalyst Blind terror drove me on We looked back down the hill at the battle-field. marchWhen analyzing a book, each point you make must have four points Statement you make a point Evidence you include a quote (something from the text) which supports your statement Analysis explain how the quote you chose proves your statement Is true Link ? explain how all of this answers the question S Michael Morgue uses the technique of narrative voice effectively to portray the horrors and futility of war. He does this by showing us the war from the point of view of the horse, Joey. This shows us what the war was like for both the British and the Germans in an unbiased way.E -l was busying myself at tearing the last of this away when I saw, out of the corner of my eye, a man In a grey uniform clamber out of the trenches A small, helmeted figure In a flapping khaki greatcoat climbed up onto no mans land. A This helps us to understand that none of the men were horrible. They are described and recognized by their uniforms and nothing else. There are no differences between the men apart from their uniforms. L This shows us the horrors and futility of war as these men were made to fight and did not know what they were fighting for.They were not angry at one another or prepared for war. Try to use this example and write your own version of this paragraph. This format Is used for all of your paragraphs, the Information you give Is the only thing that changes s technique of narrative voice show horror and futility of war Joeys first hand experience First person narrative shows things as they happen Choose one of the following quo tes There were wounded everywhere on stretchers, on crutches, in open ambulances, men cried and fell to the ground, and horses reared and screamed in agony of fear ND pain.The ground erupted on either side of me, throwing horses and riders clear into the air. The shells whined and roared overhead, and every explosion seemed like an earthquake to us. It was as I staggered out of one such crater that I lumbered into an invisible coil of barbed wire that first snagged and then trapped my foreleg. As I kicked out wildly to free myself, I felt the barbs tearing into my foreleg l saw the grey soldiers ahead of us raise their rifles and heard the death rattle of a machine gun Blind terror drove me on We looked back down the hill at the battle-field. buildGeneration Gap When younger workers are hired in the same department as of age(p) workers, the results house be frustrating or rewarding. What makes the difference is how management decides to endure the workforces. The 80 million Ge neration Y workers, called millennial, who were born after 1977 bring a host of talents to the office. They generally are skilled at hands-on, experiential learning and gain skills by attempting to perform a task rather than by reading a book or attending a lecture. They multicast, prefer to work alone, accept change readily, and access Information at all ours of the day.These work habits are contrary to what older workers have experienced during their careers. To blend the nicetys, managers must devise methods of fostering coexistence. The project-oriented nature of IT work appeals to the bright, creative, ener renderic millennial, and they perform better when given new technologies and the freedom to experiment. Enjoying new situations and challenges, they excel at mentoring less tech-saws workers on apply the Innovative warmware and software and rotating among conglomerate departments to meet new people.They also thrive in an atmosphere that encourages pick outbing and test ing, so the work surroundings should allow mobile social networking and intercourses. What are your thoughts? Do you regain this to be the case at your place of work? I believe the current join on in new millennial further assist the older world. For example, as a professional in the Education industry the younger generations, in my touch sensation juggle various tasks. However, I feel the older population can benefit from most millennial by keeping an open mind to technology. lotstimes times many baby boomers become resistant to change.Remotely no adaptation occurs, sensationing to undue stress of millennial. On another note, millennial may often be underestimated at bottom the workforce due to autonomy. The world has emerged into a new era involving a high demand to remain abreast with frequent changes. I work alongside various baby-boomers and they are never updated with anything. Work By Lange-Wilcox multicast, prefer to work alone, accept change readily, and access in formation at all they excel at mentoring less tech-savvy workers on using the progressive hardware my opinion Juggle various tasks.Work Introduction In this report, I testament draw on theories into my work experience in a local face training school in my hometown, to analysis their confabulation system, and then make some recommendations to Improve their school performance. Description Last summer, I worked as a registration assistant in a private languages school called young it is a small private English training school, which aims at improving students overall English ability to get higher score In English Test.Within Younger organization, the formal communication between school leaders and employees that Ely on paper-based format the informal communication occurs teachers and students that prefer to face-to-face chats. According to the school communication study of Fred C. The formal communication which focuses on exchange the information regarding the work-related of scho ol, and informal communication which emphasizes the unofficial message that unrelated to the schools education activities.For Younger school case, I will draw the classical approach theories to analyses formal communication, and using the culture approach to examine the informal communication. Through the analysis. I will rally some problems more or less Younger communications, and give them some suggestions, to help them get correctment in the future. Analysis Theory 1 Younger formal communication system between employer and employee is familiar with classic approach. According to Weepers conjecture of bureaucracy, rules are priority for each organizational functioning he believed all rules should be In written form.In Younger, to improve students English test score in short term, school leaders written specific daily routine and daily objectives to individuals, like when they would wake up, who can take what class and when, and the number of vocabularies students need to memor ized each day. Under this system, all things rely on the rules, hierarchy was clearly established and the power was centralized within school leaders. In Younger, the school leaders built policies and communicate downward to group of managers, teachers and then students this is a typically top-down communication.Managers, teachers and students need to follow their own Instructions, and do not have rights to change anything. Under bureaucracy management, teachers clearly knowing what the schools goals, strategies, and objectives base on deferent rules having a better understanding of how their Jobs pass on to other school activities Increase employees involvement following the specific introduction could improve the work efficiency. School leaders have the big power to say-so and monitor day-to-day operations of school activities.On the other hand, top-down communication is hard to receive the feedback from lower level people, lacking of communication interaction lead to lost oppor tunities of making improvement. Sometimes, the hierarchy is complicated, some information lost since assistance from the school principal to students. In Tailors scientific management theory, there is one best way to do every Job, which means managers need to fit Job to individuals. Based on this view, Younger principal divided English pedagogics into three parts reading, writing and listening, and only hired the people who specialized in one filed.This kind of teaching specializations lowers individual teachers responsibility for students test score, write out working pressure hired professional experts in that field, it could be provide high quality education services for students, rather more gained Younger competitive advantages in educational industry. However, Job specialization and teaching followed by instruction reduces the work autonomy and decrease employees skills, as a consequent, employee felt less irritation for their Jobs. Moreover, it is hard to find the potenti al problems without communication among different course teachers.Theory 2 Through above analysis, we can conclude that Youngsters formal communication system is based on classical approach that tend to be downward, paper based, and task-related. Unlike the vertical communication between the employer and employee, he horizontal communication occurs in teacher and students. debate and Kennedys Strong Cultures, theory argued that if an organization has a strong culture, it will form the unique, hard to imitate intangible asset for that company, it would improve individual and organizational performance.This theory including four key elements values and belief, heroes, rites and rituals, and cultural network. Since private languages education is a high competitive industry, Younger attempt to build their own school culture as their core competitive advantages. Younger used their slogan Stay passion, Stay younger as their belief to motivate students keep passion in their leaning, sch ool mission aim to build the unique Younger sprit to attractive more students.Youngsters principal is their Hero, for each new student orientation, principal gives the speech about how he builds Younger school to encourage student work hard. Both informal and formal communication made contribute to build the culture network. bulk informal communication during the lunchtime, teachers share legend stories to their students. To The top-leaders used downward immunization transfer school values, belief, culture, and school mission to employee and students. It is try to form a intelligence of belonging, commitment, and proud of being a part of Younger among the employees and students.In summary, for Youngsters culture approach the strength is they build a strong culture connection through their passion values, principal as the legend hero, using both informal and formal communication channel to set the culture network made employees and students felt like school is a big family. Recomme ndation As I analyzed above, the biggest problem is the highly centralized hierarchy management system cause the light(a) communication system. To improve Younger communication system, my recommendation is diversify the direction of communication fertilises is most priority thing.Since analysis of Youngsters building, we can see the organization structure has influenced on communication system. Lundeberg & Orenstein indicated, the structure of an effective communication Younger now has both downward and horizontal communication, I suggest building an upward be given communication. In the Younger school, upward communication is that some reflection from lower staff to the top leaders, this kind of communication an examine whether the bottom staff soundless the messages from top-leaders, also can improve self-esteem of staff.Upward communication flow will make communication more effectiveness, listen more voice from different perspectives, and get more suggestions. In short, upw ard communication will provide a new communication channel of feedback to top-leaders, and make contribution to schools performance. We can build the upward communication in three different types, the first type is class evaluation, gave rights to students which evaluate their teachers caching performance, this help leader to understand how the employees perform their Job.The second one is suggestions and improvement, collection the ideas from staffs to increase the quality of work. The last type is exception describe the big problems to leader, make leader aware of how difficulties. To build a healthy upward flow communication there are some barriers need to overcome. Firstly, when low- level staffs try to reflect problems but sometimes, the administrators no time to respond. Secondly, the administrators bad attitudes or ignore the low-level staffs. Thirdly, the long-time gap between communication and reflection, it will take up to several months to accept the low-staffs suggesti on.The last but not least, low-level staffs lacking of motivation to bring problems to the administrators office. There are some solutions to solve above four questions. Firstly, open door and open hours policy. To set a time, the administrators door open for those people who find some problems need to discuss. Secondly, school leaders can facilitate some consulting meetings to avoid bad attitudes, and also can rebuild the lower-staff confidence. Thirdly, building social media blob for gather problems, reply feedback as soon as possible.Last, setting some rewards for these useful recommendations, encourage low-level staffs give more suggestions. Conclusion In this essay, in the first part I simply describe the Younger communication strategies. In the second part, I draw the classical approach theories to analyses formal communication, and using the culture approach to examine the informal communication in Younger English training school. Through analysis, I can conclude that Youngst ers formal communication system is based on classical approach that end to be downward, paper based, and task-related.WorkGeneration Gap When younger workers are hired in the same department as older workers, the results can be frustrating or rewarding. What makes the difference is how management decides to blend the workforces. The 80 million Generation Y workers, called millennial, who were born after 1977 bring a host of talents to the office. They generally are skilled at hands-on, experiential learning and gain skills by attempting to perform a task rather than by reading a book or attending a lecture. They multicast, prefer to work alone, accept change readily, and access Information at all ours of the day.These work habits are contrary to what older workers have experienced during their careers. To blend the cultures, managers must devise methods of fostering coexistence. The project-oriented nature of IT work appeals to the bright, creative, strenuous millennial, and they p erform best when given new technologies and the freedom to experiment. Enjoying new situations and challenges, they excel at mentoring less tech-saws workers on using the Innovative hardware and software and rotating among various departments to meet new people.They also thrive in an atmosphere that encourages blobbing and testing, so the work environment should allow mobile social networking and communications. What are your thoughts? Do you find this to be the case at your place of work? I believe the current increase in new millennial further assist the older population. For example, as a professional in the Education industry the younger generations, in my opinion juggle various tasks. However, I feel the older population can benefit from most millennial by keeping an open mind to technology. Often times many baby boomers become resistant to change.Remotely no adaptation occurs, leading to undue stress of millennial. On another note, millennial may often be underestimated within the workforce due to autonomy. The world has emerged into a new era involving a high demand to remain abreast with frequent changes. I work alongside various baby-boomers and they are never updated with anything. Work By Lange-Wilcox multicast, prefer to work alone, accept change readily, and access information at all they excel at mentoring less tech-savvy workers on using the innovative hardware my opinion Juggle various tasks.

4p’s on Marketing

The Marketing Mix Strategies 1. Product Nokias main product is active cry and it has a broad(a) range of product portfolio including over a hundred devices. Nokia has produced the first winding phone with the antenna inside, the first built-in camera, the first iridescent faceplate or short-message chat function and so on. Nokia offers various wandering phones with varied quality, shape, size and color. Product segmentation is very significant factor in the mobile device market to reaching all consumers. Nokia cell phones can be divided into three categories which is business make, the multimedia line and the connect line.The business line refers to the mobile phones that have priority functions much(prenominal) as connectivity (Bluetooth, WAP, internet connection), time management applications such(prenominal) as a calendar. The multimedia line is targeted the young users with N-series mobile phones that enable users to watch video and TV, play games, listen to music and the other features such as navigation, large capacity hardw are. The connect line categorys users consist students who do not have disposable income or do not want to pay a lot of money for a mobile phone.These devices are slake stylish and equipped some technological features such as internet, camera and mp3 player. The market researches of Nokia shows that the consumers make decisions in accordance with their own preferences, the product brand and the great power of the economy when supplied with the mobile phone products with the same quality. Thus, researchers in Nokia analyze the different personalities, divide consumer groups and decide what kind of mobile should be supplied to a particular consumer community. This carry out is products positioning.Designing professional mobile phones with suitable size that fits the requirement of the user and high technology-enablement is what defines the Nokia brand. Consumers view a brand as an important part of a product, and brand can add value to a product. Nokia keeps being good at molding the good brand image by injecting individuality into product design. For example, Nokia designers count that the screen of a phone is the eye into the soul of the product. In marketing mobile phones specifically, each mobile phone has a product life round of golf.Nokia could separate out the products life to 2 years. Successful products progress through four basic stages introduction, growth, maturity and decline. This progression is known as the Product disembodied spirit Cycle. The introduction stage is concept of phone, growth stage is Nokia E-Series phone, maturity stage is Nokia N-Series phones, and decline stage is Nokia 3110. 2. Price Nokia understand that most of the consumer demand for portable multifunction device, so the budget of the target consumer for specific present is considered.Nokia price the products by comparing to other products with similar function in the market. Nokia Corporation, which targets a ll customer segments, has a wide range of price variations from the lower price group to the higher price group depending on customers positions and needs. In the mobile phone market, the factors affecting Nokias device prices are the follow of products, customer demand and competition. Nokia initially sells products at a higher price to gain profit. It is to reimburse the cost of investment and cost of research and development.After a period of time, the company reduces the high price for beginning depending on their competitor prices and they make less profit. However, there is still a large profit because of increase amount of sales. Because of Nokia is establishing as branded so it has the power to sell products at the price they want or even lower price when compete with other company. This successful price outline enables Nokia to gain competitive advantage in the market. The major method for Nokia to pricing decision is the Brand Life Cycle Model. This model is to set diffe rent prices based on different life cycle of product.Nokia set a high price for new products, medium price for secondly line products and low price for third line products. Nokia pricing on the basis of sufficient market research on consumer number mature an farm technology that a product has, it lead successful once the consumers love and purchase the products. For example, Nokia 88 series and Nokia 89 series, consumers who have strong purchase abilities cover up the mobile phone as a symbol of status. So this kind mobile phone has a high price and long life cycle and will seldom reduce prices because they will not change their obile phone too frequently 3. Place Nokia Company, which doesnt contact directly with consumers, uses some distributing channels to reach the customers and sells their devices through the mobile service operators such as Vodafone, T-mobile independent mobile phone retailers such as Carphone Warehouse, The Link some electrical suppliers like a Dixon and f inally the Companys web site. This selling policy carried out in the all countries in which Nokia has got the market provides to reach all consumers. Company has made ease of enjoin Nokia handsets all over the country.There are around 1, 00,000 distributors of Nokia handsets across the country. Launch of Nokia Concept Stores which makes consumer feels that he or she is standing in the middle of the cellular tech-hub. Initially, the distribution strategy was thinked on urban population negating growing demand in rural areas. In order to become competitive, Nokia reformulated its distribution strategy with more focus in the rural areas which were previously served by local competitors. The new efforts made in revamping distribution strategy helped boost sales and increased market fortune as well.Nokia choose its local business agent based on 5C principle. Nokia will decide whom to choose according to their capital, credibility, channel, cooperation and management. Meanwhile, pay att ention to the network marketing and try to take intensive marketing strategy in all domains. For example, Nokia chose new channel pattern called FD, which has ability to change the provincial agent into monetary resource platform. This saves a lot of intermediate links. Through this method, most of Nokia monopoly stores can acquire the ability of direct supply which ensure its good post-sale service. . Promotion Promotion was through by Nokia to increase sales and their publicity. For instance, Nokia offered precious gifts such as get a chance to win Yamaha bikes and Toyota Vios. This is to attract consumers to purchase Nokia mobile phone. During festival such as Chinese New Year, Deepavali, Hari Raya, Nokia will always hold a publicitys. In advertising part, there are printed advertisements used by the company to get up their products. There are newspaper, magazines, brochures, TV, radio, website banners, billboards and others.In the advertisement, the Company always emphasizes t heir well-known slogan connecting people to build relationships, to bring people together, to collaborate and communicate. Nokia invites famous actors to become spoke persons of the products. This will attract more buyers because many people will support their idol. Retailers and mobile phone operators generally carried out sales promotion for Nokias devices. Nokia promotes the product to retailers such as Carphone Warehouse, then they promote to consumers.Sometimes they can be joint promotions with a bank or credit card company. Moreover, the mobile phone operators offer campaigns including mobile phone and phone line are the most popular way of promotions. Public relations also play an important role in the Nokias promotion strategies. The company supports financially some social programs such as educational activities, charities and accept being sponsorship for sports, music and television. Nokia has education, creative arts and civic engagement programs in 57 countries.These kin d of social relations make Nokia more attractive in the mind of consumers to ensure positive opinions about the company. Social media is the fastest, easiest and most cost effective ways of publishing news for a global audience in highly visible way. Nokia have creates and use Facebook Fan Page, Youtube videos to pass the messages to a wider audience. For instance, Nokia N9 is one of the products that have been promoted. It shows functions and strength of Nokia N9 with innovative way and with a suitable music to draw attention of potential buyers.

Dream and Reality in Chinese Literature Essay

Myths and legends had always been a grammatical constituent of early Chinese literature. With the integration of Buddhism and spirituality into the culture, more fables on fantasy, dream and reality, and even spirits and ghosts, were produced as evident in writings from the six dynasties that ensued. The both tales discussed in this paper were written during the piquantness Dynasty and they belong to this category, more specific each(prenominal)y, as communicatives on dream and reality. How does this form of writing effectively present itself to capture the curio turn ony and attention of its readers?Was it an appropriate style utilise during its own era and is it still an effective method of story-telling in todays modern age? And finally, if Buddhism or religion did play a part in influencing or affecting the writing themes of that particular age, where and how does spirituality come into view in the stories discussed in this paper? There are three pertinent elements to consi der in the dream and reality tale (1) a vision of grandeur, (2) the illusion of time, and (3) the time-measuring device.This paper shall discuss these significant elements and how they were applied in these stories. Undeniably, the advent and ultimate flourishing of arts and literature in the Chinese culture creationy ages ago has contributed to the over-all development and advancement of hu worldly concern civilization as we now drive in it. Main Body The Spendthrift and the Alchemist, written by Li Fuyan, is a story of a degenerate man, Du Zichun, who squanders his fortune repeatedly until he is overcome with stroke and indignation because his shameful plight.With nothing to eat, he laments his fate accordingly but is continually given increasingly full-grown amounts of money by a secluded man. However, with money in his hands, his lavish lifestyle makes him forget his good resolutions in exchange for pleasures which always render him penniless. After he is given a spacious amount of money for the third time, he thought in gratitude I have a bun in the oven led a dissolute life and run through all my property, and none of my relatives has ever helped me. Now here is this old man who has given me money three times how can I repay him? So he said to the old man, With this sum I can settle my earthly affairs, make provision for my poor relatives and fulfill all my obligations. I am late grateful to you. After my affairs are settled, I shall do w abominatever you tell me. That is what I wish, was the old mans reply. (138) This man turns out to be a priest who tries to perform a ritual to immortalize Du Zichun, and it was apparent that his repeated offers of money was to educate Du on how to master and overcome desire for worldly pleasures, all of which were in preparation for the ritual he was intending to perform.The Governor of the Confederate Tributary evince, written by Li Gongzuo, is a tale about a man, Chunyu Fen, who believes that he has been given high statutory recognition in society, only to discover in the end that all the wealth and power he had inadvertently amassed was just a fantasy and a delusion, as illustrated in the tales concluding quatrain His reputation reaches to the skies, His influence can make a country fall, And even this pomp and power, after all, Are but an ant-heap in the wise mans eyes. (69)It is clear that the central theme of these two stories focuses on the futility of mans worldly accumulation of wealth, recognition and authority. The frustrations and disappointments of Chunyu in his old life fuelled his desire to be a powerful and renowned ruler in his new-found territory. Likewise, Dus repeated shameful failures in his self-indulgent life propelled him to try and do better. A Vision of Grandeur In this, the main character dreams that he undergoes a long series of experiences in which he ultimately attains a smashing amount of success after a certain amount of time.He whitethorn also un dergo a succession of sufferings, or trials and tribulations until it eventually leads to his awakening. In the Governor of the Southern Tributary State, authority, influence and splendor are the essence of a dream by the central character, Chunyu, a frustrated military man and academic. One day, as he lay drunk, he was accompanied by two purple-clad messengers to the Kingdom of Ashendon where he married the kings daughter and became governor of the Southern Tributary State.As he arrived at the province, all the citizens welcomed him at the admission with much fanfare. The officials of the province, the monks and priests, elders, musicians, attendants and guards had all come out in welcome. The streets were thronged, while drums and bells could be heard for miles around. Chunyu saw a goodly array of turrets and pavilions as he entered the great city gate, to a higher place which was inscribed in letters of gold The Southern Tributary State. In front there were red windows and a bombastic gate with a fine view into the distance. (64)He ruled well as a governor for twenty years and as a result, the race admired and honored him, erecting monuments and building temples in his name. Not only was he highly-successful in politics, at home he was happily-married and blessed with five sons and two daughters. Life was at its best until tragedy upon tragedy started to invade his life. First his army was defeated by a neighboring kingdom, followed by the untimely oddment of his wife, until finally he was falsely accused by an enemy in the palace, leading to the kings hostility toward him.His glory days were over for he had lost all the material wealth and power he thought he had in previous years. Destitute, he fell into a deep moral depression until one day he was sent back to the former life he knew. Again he was escorted by the same purple-clad messengers who first took him to Ashendon. In a dilapidated carriage, they arrived at his former home. Upon seeing his o ther self still sleeping in the easterly part of the hall, he was terrified and woke up from his dream.He gave an account of his vivid dream to his two companions and they searched the hollow under the ash tree where he was taken. There they found a big good deal large enough to hold a couch. Inside were gathered swarms of ants and heaps of earth forming towers and city breakwaters. One ant hill had a small violent tower where two huge ants lived. They were surrounded by scores of other big ants who prevented other ants from approaching. This was apparently the Ashendon that Chunyu narrated to his friends and the two huge ants were the king and queen.There was another(prenominal) smaller ant hill to its south and it had smaller towers, this was the Southern Tributary State. Chunyu tried to protect this hollow under the ash tree but that iniquity there was a vicious storm and when he came back to the place the following morning, all the ants were gone. In the Spendthrift and the Alchemist, after Du Zichun was repeatedly given large sums of money over a period of years, he was brought to a huge mansion and was given three marble pills and a goblet of wine and instructed to sit on a tiger skin by the west wall, facing east.Before the priest disappeared, he was informed that all sorts of horrible illusions would come forward him and that he should not utter a word no matter what he sees. And so it happened that his life was threatened by men and monsters, his body tortured, and his beseeching wife murdered in front of him. He was killed and his soul was thrown in hell where the king of hell further tortured his soul. Then he was reborn as a woman, married and even bore a son.During all these experiences he was successful in not uttering a single word, as he was instructed by the priest. But when his little son was killed in front of him, his love for the child made him forget his promise and he uttered an exclaiming of horror. At this he suddenly awoke with t he mansion starting to burn. When the fire was quelled, the enraged priest told him that had he passed the test, Du Zichun would have become an immortal like him. Mastering joy, anger, sorrow, fear, hate and desire, he failed to overcome love. The Illusion of TimeIn this element, when the central character falls asleep, his dream seems to occupy a long period of time, but when he awakens, he finds that his sleep has lasted for only a short duration. In The Governor of the Southern Tributary State, Chunyus two friends laid him down in the eastern chamber because of his drunkenness, after which they fed the horses and washed their feet. When Chunyu suddenly awoke from his unusual dream, his friends had finished giving fodder to the horses and were still washing their feet but sunset had not yet arrived.He saw his servants sweeping the courtyard. His two guests were still washing their feet by the couch, the slanting sun had not yet set behind the west wall and his unfinished wine was still by the east window but he had lived through a whole generation in his dream deep moved, he could not help sighing. And when he called his two friends and told them, they were equally amazed. They went out to look for the hollow under the ash tree, and Chunyu, pointing to it, said, This is where I went in the dream. (67) The same happens in The Spendthrift and the Alchemist.When Du Zichun awakens, he finds that he has only been asleep from sunset till dawn, when in fact he has lived for decades in his dream. While the exclamation was still at Dus lips, he found himself back on the seat in the hall, with the priest before him. It was dawn. Purple flames from the cauldron were blastoff up through the crown to the sky, and fire was rising from all sides to burn the house to ashes. Look at what you have done You have spoilt my work, you silly fellow exclaimed the priest. Seizing him by the hair, he threw Du into a jar of water.Then the fire was extinguished. (143) The illusio n of time presents an additional appeal to the stories, initially because everyone has experienced and questioned this type of illusion since it normally occurs in dreaming and waking cycles, thus making it more readable and interesting. It may also bring into the fore another question is time itself an illusion? Or, in the paranormal plane of thought which is in harmony with the theme of the two stories would time, as we know it, elapse in the same rate or whole step as that in a paranormal plane or level of existence?Hence, contemplating on this concept is there even a slim happening that Chunyu Fen really did experience these events? Did he think himself to be a man living among the ants or an ant living among humans? Which is reality and which is a dream? These are but a few of the questions which may further fascinate and arouse the curiosity of the reader to analyze and seek for answers which elude mans capacity to comprehend the unexplained and demand enlightenment in simpl e terms that he can understand. The Time-Measuring DeviceThe stories use material objects to greenback the amount of time that existently passes in the dream. For example, the dream may take the space of time it requires to wash horses, cook a meal, or wake up from drunkenness. In the case of The Governor of the Southern Tributary State, the device used to measure the actual amount of time that passed from the moment Chunyu slept to his eventual awakening was the nourishment of the horses and washing of the feet. It was also mentioned that the slanting sun had not yet set in the west and his unfinished wine was still by the east window when he awoke.For The Spendthrift and the Alchemist, the device used was the nine-foot high cauldron in the central hall brewing with drugs before Du slept during sunset. When Du awoke in the dawn, purple flames were already shooting up from it through the roof to the sky. The time-measuring devices employed in these tales indispensably complement the illusion of time and provide a necessary medium by which to ascertain the actual duration of the sleeping and waking cycle. ConclusionIn The Spendthrift and the Alchemist, we are given a clear visualization of the fickleness and irresoluteness of man in confronting worldly pleasures and immorality. Illusions of joy and artificial bliss are presented as mere distractions or obstacles to a life of moral ideology and righteousness. The story of The Governor of the Southern Tributary State is an account of a mystical phenomenon but it was written primarily to rebuke the over-ambitious who aspire for materialism and power, even at the expense of morality, as stated by the author in the followingIn the eighth month of the eleventh year of the Zhen Yuan period (AD 795), while on a journey from Suzhou to Luoyang I had stopped at Huaipu and met Chunyu by chance. I questioned him and looked at the ant-hills, going into his story very thoroughly. Believing it to be quite genuine, I have wr itten this tale for those who may be interested. Although it deals with supernatural and unorthodox things, it may have a moral for the ambitious. Let future readers not think this narrative a mere series of coincidences, and let them beware of taking pride in worldly fame and position(69) Contemplating both stories, we find the true substance and import of detaching ourselves from worldly pleasures and desires, and heeding the call of spirituality. In one of the tales, Du Zichun would have achieved immortality had he been successful in mastering himself and overcoming worldly concerns, even love itself, clearly a distributive doctrine preached in all religions worldwide where man would have everlasting life in paradise if he is willing to set everything else aside, prioritizing God above all, and following the holy teachings of his Church.The dream and reality tales discussed in this paper were effectively presented using an appropriate style of narrative during its time because (1) it captures the interest and attention of its readers, not only because it touches on the paranormal, mystical or superstitious nature of the Chinese civilization during that era, but also because (2) it delves on the primal nature or trend of man in desiring excessive material gain and power, a fact that has, time and again, revealed itself in the annals of human history and is still unquestionably in high supply in this modern day and age.Works Cited Li, Fuyan. The Spendthrift and the Alchemist (Du Zichun). Tang Dynasty Stories. Trans. Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang. Beijing Chinese Literature P, 1986. 136-43. Li, Gongzuo. Governor of the Southern Tributary State (Nanke taishou zhuan). Tang Dynasty Stories. Trans. Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang. Beijing Chinese Literature P, 1986. 56-69.

Hamptonshire Express

Arjun R. Sabhaya Production 529 Hamptonshire draw out October 16, 2012 PROBLEM 1 A. The simulated function given in the Excel spreadsheet Hamptonshire Express job_1 seizes the user to find the optimum measuring rod of newspapers to be stocked at the newly formed Hamptonshire Express Daily Newspaper. Anna shimmer estimated the daily learn of newspapers to be on a normal cadence distribution stating that daily submit will remove a mean of 500 newspapers per twenty-four hour period with a standard deviation of 100 newspapers per day.Using the function provided, the optimal stocking quantity, which maximizes pass judgment profit, is find to be approximately 584 newspapers. If 584 newspapers were to be ordered, Hamptonshire Express will net an expect profit of $331. 436 per day with an expected fill rate of 98%. Any strain ordered above 584 will produce a loss of profit repayable to stocking inventory over expected demand causing an imbalance between the gains and losses d ue to the respective out-of-dated and modest costs. The table below outlines the optimal amount of money of daily expected profit.Profits rise until the 584 newspaper mark any potential increase in quantity stocked will decrease daily expected profit for every newspaper ordered above 584. Stocking Quantity Daily Expected Profit 575 newspapers 331. 323 576 newspapers 331. 347 577 newspapers 331. 369 578 newspapers 331. 387 579 newspapers 331. 403 580 newspapers 331. 415 581 newspapers 331. 425 582 newspapers 331. 431 583 newspapers 331. 435 584 newspapers 331. 436 585 newspapers 331. 435 586 newspapers 331. 430 587 newspapers 331. 423 588 newspapers 331. 413 89 newspapers 331. 400 590 newspapers 331. 385 Calculations Cr=cu/cu+co where Cr= critical ratio. Cu=1-0. 2=. 8 Co=0. 2 Therefore, Cr= . 8/. 8+. 2=. 8 which is equal to . 84 (z value) on the standard normal distribution function table. To find the optimal stocking quantity that maximizes expected profit, we will use mean and s tandard deviation in decree shown Q=mean +z*(SD) 500+. 84*100=584. B. Using the Newsvendor Formula given, Q=? +? -1(Cu/Cu+Co )? , where Q=optimal quantity ?= mean of expected demand ?= standard distribution of expected demand -1= the inverse of the standard normal distribution function Cu= underage costs (Sale price cost), or ($1. 00-$0. 20) Co= overage costs (cost salvage value), or ($0. 20 $0), We can estimate the optimal stock quantity. The values allow us to input the z statistic, and the overage/underage costs in the given equation to derive the equation and answer shown below. The output of the Newsvendor equation, go different than the excel function (due to round error), is consistent with the optimal stocking quantity found by the Excel impersonate. Q= 500+ (. 8601)-1*(. 80/. 80 + . 20) * 100 = 593. 1244 PROBLEM 2 A. The given simulation model in the Excel spreadsheet Hamptonshire Express Problem_2 allows the user to find the optimal number of hours per day to be inv ested into creating the profile divide to maximize expected win for the Hamptonshire Express Daily Newspaper. Looking at the table below, Anna can spend 4 hours, where (H=4), Hours Spent (H) Optimal Expected Profit 2. 00 $367. 91 2. 25 $368. 84 2. 50 $369. 58 2. 75 $370. 17 3. 00 $370. 61 3. 25 $370. 94 3. 50 $371. 16 3. 75 $371. 29 4. 00 $371. 33 4. 25 $371. 29 4. 50 $371. 18 4. 75 $371. 01 5. 0 $370. 77 B. Anna splendours choice of effort is at the point where the peripheral cost of spending the spare while to develop the profile section = marginal benefit of spending the extra time to develop the profile section or the point where profit is maximized. If she spends the extra time to develop the profile section past where marginal cost = marginal benefit, she wont be able to create enough demand for her newspaper, but if she spends less time than where marginal cost = marginal benefit, she wont have a feeling newspaper and misses out on additional sales, which leads to inc reased clams.To find the optimal profit level, you would even up $10 = to the marginal benefit, or $10= ((0. 8 *50) / (2h)) and solve for H which = 4 hours. C. Using a table to compare the difference between problem 1 and problem 2, respectively, we can see the obvious differences between the optimal stocking quantity and daily expected profit figures. Stocking Quantity Daily Expected Profit 1 584 331. 44 2 685 371. 33 The stocking quantity and expected lettuce are higher in the second scenario because of the extra time spent to improve the quality of profile section.By spending the extra time to improve the profile section, Anna brilliancy increased the boilersuit quality of her newspaper, which will, most likely, lead to an increased probability of demand for her newspaper around the area. This increased demand will raise Anna Sheens stocking quantity and the daily expected profits that are associated with that individual stocking quantity. Problem 3 A. Assuming the number of hours Anna Sheen will spend developing the profile section will = 4 Ralph Armentrouts optimal stocking quantity is 516, as portrayed in the table below Stocking Quantity Daily Expected Profit 513 62. 131 14 62. 139 515 62. 143 516 62. 145 517 62. 144 518 62. 140 519 62. 133 520 62. 124 B. Ralph Armentrouts optimal stocking quantity is less than Anna Sheens in Problem 2 due to the retailing elongation of the supply twine. Armentrouts overage cost ($0. 80 as he buys them from Sheen minus $0 of salvage value) is higher than his underage cost ($0. 20 $1 sale price minus $0. 80 purchasing cost). Due to this, Armentrout has less room than Sheen for a profit margin making it a higher risk for him to carry a greater amount of inventory, which ultimately affects the fill rate of the supply chain.C. The optimal time spent to improve the quality of the profile section is determined by the table below The profit Sheen will stand to make in the combined supply chain is optimal at 2. 25 hours spent per day. Sheens profit rises with each 15 minute interval until 2 hours and 15 minutes is reached. The marginal benefit, from the additional time spent to improve the paper, will increase expected demand of newspaper, however, if too much time is spent, the marginal costs, associated with the additional time, will outbalance the associated marginal benefits.Expected demand is more resistant to high levels of time spent, basically, Sheen is hurting profits above 2. 25 hours spent per day on improvements. Sheens optimal amount of hours spent is lower, in this differentiated direct, as compared to Problem 2, due to Sheens lower marginal benefit existence received due to the split supply chain. It wouldnt make sense for Sheen to spend more time to improve her newspaper if she has to split a percentage of the profits with Armentrout. Due to this, she will put less effort in and get more apprehension of demand.D. Transfer P Stocking Q Profit Ralphs P Annas P Annas E Fill Rate . 70 510 333 104 229. 38 1. 563 89% .75 501 327 81 246. 64 1. 891 87% .79 493 321 62 259. 11 2. 176 86% .80 491 319 57 262. 10 2. 25 85% .81 488 317 53 264. 42 2. 326 85% .85 478 308 34 274. 29 2. 641 83% .90 459 292 11 280. 68 3. 063 79% If the commute price, from Sheen to Armentrout, would decrease, Armentrout would ultimately gain a larger marginal benefit out of the purchasing deal with Sheen.Due to the increase of Armentrouts profit margin, he would flow to stock more newspapers, which would increase the supply chains fill rate. However, this, in turn, would cause Sheens profits, from the deal, to decrease and would ultimately lower her motivating to improve the newspaper, which leads to a decrease in expected demand and loss of potential profits. E. Efforts and stocking levels will be lower in a differentiated channel than in an integrated firm due to the multiple entities that are present in the supply chain.The multiple retailing and manufacturing entities, in the supply ch ain, allow the profits to be split by percentage rather than totaled to one firm who does both functions. Problem 4 A. The optimal stocking quantity for Armentrout, in this scenario, was determined to be 409 newspapers as shown by the table below The optimal stocking quantity is lower at 409, in this scenario, as compared to 516 in Problem 3a. The optimal stocking quantity is lower, because Armentrout has an alternative to The Express with Ralphs Private Eye.B. The stocking quantity mainly differs from Problem 1, 2, and 3, because Armentrout underage costs have decreased, in this scenario, due to the consumers alternative to purchase Private when Express has a stock out to consumers. However, there are major differences that one should consider. The first two problems use an integrated point of view, as related to the supply chain, which allows for a higher optimal stocking quantity. On the other hand, Problems 3 and 4 use a differentiated channel.However, In Problem 3, while Arment rout tried to keep risk low by ordering a lower optimal stocking quantity, which was fueled by his low expected margins (due to his imbalanced underage and overage costs), Armentrouts optimal stocking quantity changes when Private is introduced into the mix. In Problem 4, Armentrout makes more profit on Private, but there is a lower expectation of demand for Private. Due to this, he must still stock Express to maximize profits. To demonstrate this phenomenon, which will ultimately decrease optimal stocking quantity, the new overage cost would have to be set. In the Problem 4 scenario, Co= $0. 0 40% * $0. 40 = $0. 16. The Newsvendor model will also allow one to arrive at these conclusions. C. Armentrouts overage cost would increase by $. 03 to $. 83, while his underage costs would be $. 01. (New Express profit $. 17 New Private profit $. 16) The imbalance would reduce the critical ratio, which would lead to a reduction of the optimal stocking quantity to a decently lower amount. Pr oblem 5 A. The buy-back price initiative allows Sheen to drop Armentrouts overage costs, which leads to an increase in his optimal stocking quantity and a win-win situation for Sheen and Armentrout.If Sheen would set the buy-back price at $. 75, this would maximize the total supply chains profits as shown in the table below. At $. 75, Armentrouts optimal stocking quantity would be 659 newspapers. B. The combination of buy-back price and transfer price is roughly $1. 02 and $1. 025, respectively, as shown in the table below. The optimal level of expected profit is maximized when Sheen, the manufacturer, in this scenario, has a high expected profit margin, while Armentrout, the retailer, has a negative expected profit.Armentrout is basically a non-factor in this supply chain and allows this scenario to act as one integrated chain although technically it is differentiated. C. The fixed franchise fee would non be factored into Armentrouts overage and underage costs, so it wouldnt have an effect on his stocking decisions. If Sheen were able to impose a franchise fee to Armentrout, however, she would not have a reason to sell newspapers at all, since her profits would be coming from franchising rather than newspaper sales.Problem 6 A. The VMI jut would allow Sheen to be able to establish the optimal levels of effort and allow her to set the optimal stocking quantity in relation to her maximizing the difference between her marginal benefits and her marginal costs basically she is in control of the stocking decision rights of the Express to maximize total profits. Since she has control over stocking quantity, Armentrout could not make much of a profit using a differentiated supply chain model.However, due to proposed slotting allowance, Armentrout has the ability to make more of a profit than he would have battling against Sheen for stocking rights of the Express, if he would go for more of an integrated model and allow Sheen to control the Express. B. Since Armentr out would not care about sales directly (due to him collecting a slotting fee regardless of a sale or not), under the VMI plan versus the differentiated model, Armentrout might lose potential sales he might have gotten if he had a say in the daily stocking quantity of the Express.If Armentrout had the pretend to make a potential profit off of the consumers, he might try harder to pay attention to demand. Because of this reality of manufacturer versus retailer, Sheen might not understand the local demand of the area as well as Armentrout, due to him being the ground level retailer and witnessing the subtle changes in daily demand.

Relative advantages and disadvantages Essay

1. What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of a company being committed to achieving efficiency through a program like Six Sigma versus encouraging and reinforcing creativeness and innovation? (Page 10-11) Six Sigma has a customer driven approach, its emphasis on using quantitative data to make decisivenesss, and priority on saving money. Has evolved into a high performance system for executing business strategies. Six sigma is set up so that it can be applied to a range of situations. I think six sigma might lower team moral where as they might not be as open to speak on person ideas as such.2. How would you describe 3Ms efficiency and creativeness conundrum in terms of programmed and nonprogrammed decisions? (Page 153-154) Programmed- a simple routine for which a manager has an established decision rule. Nonprogrammed- A new, complex decision that requires a creative solution. Their decision as a company to use methods such as six sigma versus encouraging/ reinforcing ( nonprogrammed) not really sure about this question so much.3. How would you describe 3Ms efficiency and creativity conundrum in terms of the rational, bounded rationality, and Z archetype of decision making? (Page 154-155) rational- a logical, step by step approach to decision making, with a thorough analysis of alternatives and their consequences. The 4 stages of, six sigma. Bounded- a hypothesis that suggests that there are limits to how rational a decision maker can actually be. Z model- capitalizes on strengths of the four separate preferences4. What role(s) do intuition and creativity play in the decision making that is evident in 3Ms efficiency and creativity conundrum?

Accident, Illness and Emergency Policy for Childminders Essay

The safety of children in my c ar is paramount and it is my policy to take necessary steps to keep children safe when they atomic number 18 in my accusation. I w severely promote good health, leave behind prevent fortuitys and take steps to prevent the spread of illness and infection. I have a responsibility to all children in my care to ensure that a safe and healthy environment is provided at all times.I hold contact detail of fosters (or another beguile person, such as grandparent) at all times, provided by parents and stored securely within the childs records.I hold written allowance from each of the childrens parents in the childs record form files to enable me to seek touch treatment for their child if its wanted.As a registered childminder I am required to notify Ofsted of all serious accidents, illnesses or injuries of any child whilst in my care within 14 days of an disaster drawring.I will ensure that my pets are safe to be around children and do not pose a hea lth risk. mishap POLICYAs a registered childminder, I am legally required to have a valid graduationly aid certificate. This enables me to administer basic first aid treatment, and my first aid boxes are clearly labelled and easily accessible and are stored in the outside and inside play-rooms. mentions are asked to sign an accident book if injuries occur whilst in my care. Also if a child should come into my care with an injury of any kind, the parent will be asked to sign the book reporting the injury.Parent/guardian will be contacted immediately. I will use my best judgement as to how other children will be looked after. You would be consulted about this by phone. There is a parent ring round provision in the event of an emergency to inform all parents of children under my care.If an accident or sequent involving a child in my care may result in an restitution claim I will contact my public liability insurance provider to discuss my case and be allocated a claim number. This may involve discussing details of the child in my care with a third party.ACCIDENT actionIn the event of an accident whilst the child is in my care, I will deal with any minor accidents. record all information, including names of witness(es), in the accident book. request parents, on picking up the child / children, to sign the accident book and read the information regarding the incident.If I am unable to rule hold of parents or other named appropriate adult, he/she will immediately be taken to see a doctor at Bishops Waltham Health bosom or infirmary if necessary and I will stay until parent arrivesIn the event of an accident in the home Parents mustiness inform me of any accident at home and record it in the accident at home area of the accident book.Further observation of injury on a child which has not been reported to me by the parent nor occurred whilst in my care, parents will be asked for information on the incident and instructed to write in the back of the accident book.In the event of me being subject to an accidentIf I have an accident, I will get the nearest responsible adult to help, while my emergency back-up people are being contacted.I will do my best at all times to make sure the children in my care are safe, reassured and kept calm.ILLNESS POLICYI will do everything I can to take care of your child if they are feeling indisposed by comforting them and giving them appropriate medicine you have approved and have signed a declaration permitting me to administer.If I am in need of support or advice regarding a serious illness or incident involving a child in my care I may contact guinea pig Childminding Association who will log information regarding the incident with regard to their safeguarding policy. A NCMA designated officer will be assigned to my case and all the information devoted to them will be kept confidentially unless their appear is to be a child protection issue which will be reported accordingly.ILLNESS PROCEDUREYou must inform me if your child has been ill overnight or the previous day. I might have other children I am taking care of and need to ensure your child does not have an infectious illness.Medicines will be kept in a safe place and will be logged in the medicine book.However, if you child arrives ill, I will take a decision as to whether the child is fit to attend or not. If not, the parent will be asked to take the child home.If your child becomes ill whilst in my care, I will1.Contact you for agreement to administer calpol (if appropriate and agreed) and if your child remains ill after one hour you will be asked to collect your child and make a doctors appointment.2.You will be required to keep your child at home until they are recovered so that your child can be cared for on a one to one basis at home.3.In the following chance children may be required to stay at home Diarrhoea and/or vomiting, a rash, conjunctivitis.4.If I am unable to get hold of parents or other named appropriate ad ult, he/she will immediately be taken to see a doctor at Bishops Waltham Health Centre or hospital if necessary and I will stay until parent arrivesInfectious illnessIn the event of your child contracting chicken-pox, mumps, measles etc, or a pyrexia or temperature of 101 degrees Fahrenheit, or 38 degrees centigrade or over your child will not be able to attend under my care and must remain at home.EMERGENCY POLICYParent/guardian will be contacted immediately. In the event of an accident requiring hospital treatment, I will drive to inform the parents immediately and take the child to hospital. I will stay with the child until the parents arrive.EMERGENCY PROCEDUREAs a registered Child-Minder and trained paediatric first aider, I will ensure that the most appropriate treatment is given or acted upon for your child in my care however if I have more than 1 child in my care, I will use my best judgement as to how other children will be cared for. Initial action will be reporting the incident to the parent by phone. We practice a parent ring round provision in the event of an emergency to inform all parents of children under my care.If parents do not arrive or I am unable to contact them, I will stay with the child until the appropriate treatment has been given and then return home where your child would be cared for until the arrival of the parent

How Leeds Was Like Durning the Victorian Times

Life in Leeds was ghastly many sources tell me this from pictures, to rhymes, reports and drawings Leeds was a well polluted and insanitary place, Leeds also did not have any proper sewage system causing diseases to spread putting to death innocent civilians. First pictures of Leeds Steel works which was taken in 1864 show me that factories created poisonous gases that normal insouciant populace inhaled. My first source also shows that from a distant view the air itself was murky and unclear. extraction 1As I mentioned before there are many sketches by anonymous artists who demonstrate their art from what they can see around their environment. This gives me more evidence that Leeds was very turdy and polluted. Source 2 Rhymes and songs were created by the people (most probably the children) who inhabited Leeds at the time one of the most famous rhymes were The Aire down the stairs is doubly dyed and damned The air above with lurid smoke is crammed The one flows streaming pest ilential as Charons Styx, Its poisonous vapour in the other mix.What it is really translating is the water downstairs (the river AIre) is coloured in an unnatural state and it is supposedly damned, the air above is crammed with toxic smoke, its poisonous blue devils reaching us. Therefore it was comm simply known that the Leeds was contaminated and filled with pollution. In 1842 Edwin Chadwick, a politician who was stressful to make improvements and reforms to the conditions of towns and cities conducted an investigation into Sanitary conditions of the labouring population.Edwin used topical anaesthetic investigators to provide evidence of urban public health conditions. A doctor, Robert Baker, provided information about the hygiene and how it was affecting Leeds. Of the 586 streets of Leeds, 68 entirely are pave by the town, ie, by the local authorities the remainder are either paved by the owners or are partly paved, or are totally unpaved, with the surfaces broken in all(pr enominal) direction, and ashes and filth of every description accumulated upon many of them of the 68 streets 9 are not sewered at all, and ten only partly so nay it is only within the three or four years former(prenominal) that a sewer has been completed . This statement tells me that there were 586 streets in Leeds and only 68 were filled with pavements. grime and Ash filled every direction in those 68 pampered streets 19 of them did not have a sewage system at all Only 10 streets had them however the sewage system has only been completed 3 or 4 years ago. This source is reliable because as a local doctor Robert Baker had experienced the severe horrific cholera outbreak of 1832.By 1838 as a town councillor, had contributed to a statistical survey of the town and went on to become a factory inspector by 1858. Cholera and other diseases broke out because of the poor sewer system when civilians had to relieve themselves half of their squander was absorbed by the ground and was the n entered the stream which people drank from While the other half simply flowed through the streets waiting to infect civilians with putrid bacteria and filth .Public people also used to deaden and bath in the river AIre causing its natural water colour to die out and for it to be swarmed with dirt and bacteria. For my conclusion I up to now stand by my decision that Leeds during the Victorian times was a filthy, disgust place. Its water was not safe to drink and was revolting, although the simple workmen who build hundreds of factories hoping that it would not hurt the ozone lair still poisoned the air that the poor Victorian people breathed and lived in.

Food safety Essay

Food refuge is a very essential aspect of maintaining mentation(a) and ample relationships between human beings and the entire environment. It is be bring in it plays a basic role in enhancing good health which is alert in influencing sustainable human activities. Fundamentally, human activities influence their relationships and interactions with the environment. It can be acknowledged that maintaining regimen pencil eraser at all levels ensures good health which in turn guarantees healthy relationships between man and his environment. valet de chambre activities have various implications on the entire environment.In deed, they affect the sparing, social, environmental and political aspects of the environment. Food safety device that is fundamental for good health enables man to relate hale with all these aspects of his environment. Food safe fountainheadness To begin with good health enables human beings to work hard and be able to provide for their economic needs. gibe to Last (1998), when both mentally and physically healthy, individuals tend to be more productive. Increased productiveness leads to healthy societies as individuals can be able to cater for their needs and wants.This is made possible by individuals earning enough to attain financial stability. Thus they can be able to pay their bills, spargon just about for recreation and also be able to save for the future. This is made possible if their health is assured by means of ensuring food safety. Bronfenbrenner (1979) indicates that excellent health also determines good intersomebodyal relationships and hence enables populations to acquire social cohesion. In this respect, he argues that healthy individuals ar unlikely to be social misfits because they are able to think true(a) and are also conscious of the societal values which they uphold.Also, health enables one to work and earn an honest sprightliness as well as provide enough for his or her family. As such(prenominal), peo ple incur more responsible and dedicated to their lives and this enhances ones self esteem and personal satisfaction. Generally, Last (1998) asserts that healthy people are able to maintain healthy relationships than their counterparts. Again, this healthy status can only be achieved if the they food they consume is handled in a hygienic behavior. With regard to the environment, Ebi, et al. (2005) argues that good health enables individuals to cater for their environment.According to him, healthy individuals are usually able to grapple timely measures to avoid environmental deterioration in their own simple tracks. For instance, they can be able to plant trees, dispose of their wastes in a pru suffice way and perform other functions that enhance environmental preservation. These actions may seem simple yet their division to environmental conservation is very significant. In addition, since these individuals have financial stability, they can contri neverthelesse to environment al conservation missions by donating money (Ebi et al. , 2005).Furthermore, healthy individuals are in position to take sound decisions with regard to environmental conservation. The political stability of a pastoral is also dependent on the health of the individuals. To this end, Bronfenbrenner (1979) argues that healthy and supple individuals are less likely to engage in politically unsound behavior. It is worth noning that good health finishedout a persons life also implies that the persons education and thinking process is rational. Therefore, such individuals are able to make informed, autonomous and democratic decisions with regard to politics.This enables a country to have visionary leaders that are politically mature and therefore enforce policies that are unspoiled to the locals. This status can be achieved if food safety is maintained all through a persons life. Indeed, food safety is a very vital component of our day to day living because of the role it plays in main taining our health. Without this good health, life can be difficult for most individuals because diseases will be prevalent. Despite this realization, food handling in the US continues to be a major problem and the frequence of food intoxication and food borne illness continues to rise significantly (Last, 1998).This implies that the Food and Drug administration has failed in its duty to protect the health of the citizens. This can also be attributed to the money oriented attitude that our company has assumed. For instance, Andrew (2006) indicates that some butchery workers would instead keep their jobs than identify a slip up in the loosen upheartedness processing process. Further, he asserts that the urge to get food on the markets in a timely manner in outrank to make huge profits has made business persons overlook the minor but most important aspects of food safety.Therefore, there is need for consumers to take up the responsibility of maintaining good health by practicin g the following critical steps that are very important in enhancing food safety and improved health. At a personal level, consumers should be extremely wary of sale offers. If the deal seems in any case good, it is always recommended to think twice. In most instances, business owners place on sale products that are regretful (Andrew, 2006). Therefore, instead of making purchases blindly, consumers should spare time to drive away the packages properly and even identify the odour of the food.If the odor is bad, Loken (1995) ascertains that such food is not suitable for human consumption. In addition, consumers should put in to consideration the furtherance of the food. Usually, food can look very appealing yet if not packed well, the probability that it is give is so high. According to Watson (2001), well packaged food has a higher probability of being seminal fluid free. When purchasing results and vegetables, consumers should only buy those that are fresh looking (Loken, 199 5). They should avoid fruits or vegetables that have vagabond or look unhealthy as this is a clear indication of infection.Andrew (2006) notes that hepatitis A is spread through poor handling of fruits and vegetables, specifically by washing the same with contaminated water before they give-up the ghost the market. He suggests that it is important that consumers keep themselves well informed about any outbreaks and take precaution in a timely manner by adjusting their menu accordingly. According to him, it could be safer to avoid any fruits or vegetables involved in the outbreak than endanger ones health by go through contaminated food.At home, fruits and vegetables should be washed thoroughly and under running water in tack to clear up all dirt. In cases where fruit and vegetable washers are used, it is essential to adhere to the directions of the manufacturer in order to avoid any possible taint. When shopping for dry foods, Watson (2001) argues that consumers should check t he packaging material to ensure that it is in order. In particular, he explains that the nylon papers used for packaging as well as boxes should be well inspected to ensure that they do not have holes or openings.This is an indication that food is not contaminated as holes or other openings could serve as entrances of insects and generally sources. In addition, consumers should avoid buying dry foods that are infested by insects like weevils. These transmit diseases that are dangerous to human health. In the case of canned foods, Loken (1995) explains that flush should be taken to avoid buying any cans that are defective in any way. Specifically, those with punctures or dents should be avoided at all costs as this is an indication that the food is contaminated.Consuming infected canned food can be very fatal as it may contain botulin toxin (Watson, 2001). This has a severe and fatal impact on human health as it causes paralysis. It is also important to check the cans properly on a rrival at home as dents can occur during transportation. In such incidents, Andrew (2006) explains that it is better to discard them as this could be an indication of punctures which imply infection. In the home environment, Andrew (2006) points out that it is well(predicate) to clean all surfaces used in food preparation and the kitchen as a whole after(prenominal) the activity.This should be done with an antibacterial cleaner in order to kill all disease causation micro organisms. In addition, the surfaces should be kept dry as wet surfaces, coupled with a warm kitchen environment provides the best conditions for micro organism breeding (Andrew, 2006). When handling meats, Loken (1995) indicates that it is advisable to freeze any that would not be consumed in a few days time. According to him, this goes a long way in avoiding chances of poisoning. In addition, he explains that before planning any meats, it is important to inspect them fully after liquefy in order to identify any signs of spoiling.Further, when cooking meats, the right temperatures should be used in order to kill any existing infectious micro organisms. Failure to do this could lead to fatal poisoning caused by the existing micro organisms (Loken, 1995). After meals, any remaining food should be frozen rather than left open even if it is meant to be used in the bordering meal. In many cases, persons like to leave the left over food from the previous meals intended to be used in the next meal in an open place. It is assumed that the period between meals is short and therefore possibility of contamination is low.However, Watson (2001) indicates that contamination can still occur within any period. The surfaces used when preparing food before cooking should also be easy to clean appropriately. It is notable that most people prefer wooden boards for chopping food and vegetables. However, these are not hygienic enough as they keep germs between the chips. It can be very difficult to clean t hem appropriately. Therefore, other options found on the market should be used. In cases where a dish washer is available, it should be utilized for washing utensils.Dishwashers have proved to be very effective in killing germs due to their ability to withstand very hot water. Andrew (2006) affirms that in deed, hot water is the cheapest way of killing germs and consequently, dishes washed in very hot water are likely to be germ free. In instances where one opts to dine in the restaurants, the first thing to do should be to choose a decent place. Then, when inside the restaurant, one should take note of the conduct of the staff when serving food as this often gives an insight on the general hygiene of the restaurant.If this is not satisfactory, Last (1998) explains that it is better to avoid consume in the place than risk infection. Particularly, care should be taken before consuming vegetable and fruit salads as they are the most susceptible to contamination. Restaurants on their part should ensure that any food bought is well tested before it is cooked. This is important as it helps avoid chances of cooking infected food. In addition, hospitals should also take the same precautions. Above all, Watson (2001) argues that Agricultural production in itself should be sustainable to avoid contamination at the farm level.According to him, this can be achieved if the chemicals used are suitable for Agricultural production. Harsh chemicals that are risky for human consumption should be avoided at all costs. This will help avoid the incidences of serious metals in the vegetables and fruits. Traces of heavy metals in food have been known to cause terminal illnesses like pubic louse (Watson, 2001). This can be avoided if more healthy Agricultural practices are adopted. Conclusion In conclusion, all these safety measures if put in to consideration can have a positive effect on the health care of individuals and the monastic order a large.Specifically, these measures are fundamental in avoiding infection as a result of consuming contaminated food. If infection is completely eliminated from food preparation and processing, then the food eaten will be safe and this has a positive impact on the health of individuals. Eating safe foods significantly reduces the incidences of disease and deaths. Since diseases cause a major setback on peoples health, elimination of the same in the society will aid in creating holistic and productive societies.